Prison System in Crisis Essay - 2449 Words

The prison system in England and Wales could reasonably be described as being in crisis. Discuss. The term crisis refers to an intense time of difficulty, trouble or danger, or a time when difficult decisions must be made. However, in the context of the prison system, it has to be looked at differently. This can be seen throughout the essay in how there have been times of danger, and difficult policy decisions made. In looking at whether these problems are important to the prison system, it has to be looked at whether it is hindering the purposes and objectives of prison. It is also worth noting that the prison system has been regarded in being in crisis for many years by the media and academics (Cavadino amp; Dignan, 2007). Thus it†¦show more content†¦In relation to rehabilitation it is clear to see the higher number in prison the less resources will be available for prisoners. The less resources available to prisoners will mean less time spent on individual cases limiting the chances of success in reformation. High Prison population and Overcrowding also lead on to the fact that there will be problems within the prison concerning staff. One of the problems in terms of staff will be the numbers available. With the increasing numbers, and the reductions in the prison budget, means the staff to prisoner ratio will continue to worsen. With this means that the supervision of prisoners will be less available which will reduce time out of cells and time in classes working towards rehabilitation. This also leads on to another problem within staff in prisons, in terms of their relation with the home office. The more prisoners coming into prisons increases the workload for the staff, this is without the relief of additional staff being employed. Staff unrest can lead to industrial action, which will lead to the breakdown of the prison service. The final factors that need considering in this account is the effect all of the above has on the security in prisons. Prisoners breaking out of prison are seen as causing massive problems. This is relatively non-existent in prisons today, since 1995/1996 there has been no escape from prisons (NOMS annual report 2011: 5). This means that in termsShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1572 Words   |  7 Pagesto stir up continue to expand every day. Some of these issues include the educational system, healthcare laws, unemployment and economic situations, not to mention the ongoing water drought crisis†¦all of which are major dilemmas in California. One major dilemma, however, is often ignored. Over the past 30 odd years, California’s prison population has grown by 750 percent (â€Å"California’s Perpetuating Prison Crisis†). As this percentage perpetuates to make substantial gains, inmates are suffering inRead MoreThe United States And The Civil Rights Crisis898 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has the largest prison system in the world with over 2.2 million prisoners. 1,320,000 of those prisoners are blacks and hispanics. The justice system in the United States has unequal outcomes across racial groups. Although together they make up only 30% of the country’s population, black and hispanic men are 3 times more likely to end up behind bars for the same crime committed by white males, allowing them to make up 60% of the prison population. Private prisons, the War on Drugs and a civilRead MoreAfrican Prisons Are Human Rights Friendly1473 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction While prisons in Africa are often considered the worst in the world many other prisons systems are worse off in terms of violence, overcrowding and a host of other problems. This is not to argue that African prisons are human rights friendly. Many are in a deficient condition and their practices are at odds with human rights standards. However, prisons in many parts of the global are in crisis. Never before have there so many problems within penal systems and such large numbersRead MoreThe Effects of Overcrowded Conditions in US Prisons1564 Words   |  6 PagesDue to budget crises in states across the United States of America, state governments must cut funding to their punishment facilities causing overcrowding in prisons to increase every day. Overcrowded prisons pose a potential breeding ground for crime as hundreds of inmates are squeezed into small accommodations. Thousands of low-level offenders receive jail sentences each day, these criminals make up about a third of the in mates in the United States. In the words of Republican Governor Mitch DanielsRead MoreIncarceration Within The Federal Bureau Of Prisons1195 Words   |  5 PagesFederal Bureau of Prisons has increased more than 700 percent since the 1970’s, between the different type of ethnicity. Billions of dollars have spent to house offenders and to maintain their everyday life from rehabilitation programs, academic education, vocational training, substance abuse programs and medical care. The cost of incarceration climbs according to the level of security based on violent and non-violent crimes. Fewer staff is required in minimum and medium-security prisons that house low-levelRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 Pageseffectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. The term rehabilitation is defined as a way to help someb ody to return to good health or a normal life by providing training or therapy (StudyMode). If an individual commits a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration, then the individual is sent to prison as a form of punishment. While incarcerated the individualRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Population1536 Words   |  7 PagesAfter decades trying to prevent it, prison population continued to increase. Mandatory minimum sentences and the privatization created more prisoners, rather than cutting down on the amount incarcerations. Since the 1980’s, the prison population has quadrupled and today one in every one hundred adults are in prison (Mandatory Minimums (HBO)). Infact, America leads the world in prisoners with 20% of the earth’s prison population (The Prison Crisis). In a study done by The American Prospect, chartsRead MoreThe Issues Of The Criminal Justice System Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthey need. The number of inmates serving time in jail or prison who suffer from mental illness continues to rise. In 2015 the Bureau of Justice reported that sixty five percent of state prisoners and fourth five percent of federal prisoners suffered from mental conditions such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Individuals who suffer from these problems require special mental health treatment for their needs to be met. Many of our prisons and jails lack the necessary resources to care for theseRead MoreOrganizational Deviance And Termination And Interagency Collaboration1633 Words   |  7 Pagesfocused on how organizations can be deviant and ultimately terminated. It also focused on interagency collaboration in the criminal justice system. Section four’s central premise was organizational deviance and termination. The section started off by giving the readers a highlight of a particular case in 2003. Josiah Sutton was convicted to a 25 year prison sentence after being identified as the perpetrator for a rape. There was plenty of evidenc e against him, which ultimately led to his convictionRead MoreHow Organizations Can Be Deviant And Ultimately Terminated1622 Words   |  7 Pagesfocused on how organizations can be deviant and ultimately terminated. It also focused on interagency collaboration in the criminal justice system. Section four’s central premise was organizational deviance and termination. The section started off by giving the readers a highlight of a particular case in 2003. Josiah Sutton was convicted to a 25 year prison sentence after being identified as the perpetrator for a rape. There was plenty of evidence against him, which ultimately led to his conviction

Western Global Colonial Empire Building And Decline

Western Global Colonial Empire Building and Decline By: Max Dayton Colonial Expansion started as early as the fifteenth century with the European expansion into the Americas. It wasn’t until the nineteenth century that was known as new imperialism (notes). During this time, new imperialism sparked the colonial empires expansion and this caused the colonial empires completely take off. These imperialist powers were inspired and motivated to build these colonial empires due to the economic, political and cultural values. These highly industrialized countries were in need of more raw materials like oil, copper, tin, and rubber along with industrial crops and stimulants (notes). Securing these raw materials would fuel their industrialized economies. Due to the domestic markets of Western Europe being full meaning no more increase of profit, these overseas colonies became more profitable. The economy was a large part important in building these colonial empires. In addition, each country wanted to further politically, so tha t each Western Empire wanted more prestige. This would show the more power and overall national security in competition with other Western countries. Culturally, each country wanted to be the most powerful and believed that their way of life was the greatest. With a strong feeling of cultural superiority, the Europeans felt a moral duty to their countries. This is where nationalism played a role. In many ways, the dominating countries likeShow MoreRelatedWestern Dominance And Its Effects On The Global Economy Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagescomposed of many false narratives of western dominance coming about as a result of some type of superiority, whether it was the European thought process, religion, culture, or even skin color. Western dominance, however, did not come from a place of superiority, but rather a streak of luck that allowed European countries to begin to colonize the rest of the world, cutting the world up into a few powerful colonial empires. Although today thes e colonial empires have diminished somewhat or entirelyRead MoreThe First Glimpse Of Globalization1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrevolutions. The renaissance is a prime example of an era when ideas and knowledge flourished and spread throughout Europe. This newfound age of discovery resulted in global territorial and population alterations. The renaissance spurred the discoveries of land and resources and their subsequent importance in achieving objective of western supremacy. Consequently, a wave of innovation assembled new navigational techniques and stimulated the mass manufacture of ships. The first glimpse of globalizationRead MoreThe French Revolution, the Chinese Revolution, Napoleon Conquests, European Colonialism1959 Words   |  8 Pagesbegin its history, only seeking for what is real and practicable in the application of its principles, and not what is speculative and hypothetical. After Brumaire in 1799, the coup d’à ©tat set Napoleon as the first supreme executive of a French Empire. After this Napoleon said â€Å"The Revolution is made fast on the principles on which it began; the Revolution is finished. (Gershoy, 1947) 3. Napoleon had lot of fame because he successfully overthrown the revolutionary government at the time andRead Moreï » ¿To what extent is Nationalism inherently aggressive and expansionist?5481 Words   |  22 Pagesthe type of Nationalism and the circumstances in which is arises and how people use or abuse it as an ideology. Heywood defines four main breeds of Nationalism; Liberal Nationalism, Conservative Nationalism, Expansionist Nationalism, Anti and post colonial Nationalism. One of the types of nationalism which is more likely to be inherently destructive and expansionist is Expansionist Nationalism, as its name suggests, is essentially destructive and expansionist. It advocates a form of national chauvinismRead MoreWhy is Africa so under-developed?1653 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic distribution. These groups are; the First World, the Second world and the Third world. Political reasons for a lack of development- In the late 19th century, European imperial powers (such as the British Empire) ended up occupying most of Africa. This created colonial territories leaving only Ethiopia and Liberia as the only independent countries. Britain occupied Egypt, Sudan, Kenya and Uganda, British Somaliland, Zimbabwe and Zambia (Southern and Northern Rhodesia), Botswana (Bechuanaland)Read MoreAssess the Significance of Strategic Factors in Bringing About Change in Relation to Expansion and Dismantling of the British Empire in Africa in the Period C1870 – C19812318 Words   |  10 Pageschange in relation to expansion and dismantling of the British Empire in Africa in the period c1870 – c1981 The British expansion into the Dark Continent rose as fast as it declined, although there were many contributing factors to expansion, those same factors then contributed to the decolonisation of the continent. Historian Bernard Porter argues that formal imperialism for Britain was a symptom and an effect of its relative decline in the world, and not of strength. Therefore it was strategicRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam WineburgRead MoreEssay on Imperialism and Colonialism2505 Words   |  11 PagesImperialism has been noted to be practice of foreign rule in a context of hierarchy and subordination, which can eventually lead to the formation of an empire. Imperialism refers directly to the enhancement of power and military superiority. At the time when developed nations were colonizing less developed nations around the 1870s, the age of Imperialism began. Referring to the time were nations such as the United States, Germany, and Japan began to employ imperialist doctrines to their governanceRead MoreThe Arab Republic Of Egypt3844 Words   |  16 Pagesof Egypt even as this same culture fuels the fires of change currently engulfing the nation. Throughout history, Egypt has been under secular rule beginning in 1517 when the Ottoman Empire took the symbols of the caliphate from Cairo to Istanbul. In 1789, Egypt experienced the Napoleonic invasion in which western culture was introduced into the region much earlier than other Islamic countries. Egypt began to rely heavily on Europe â€Å"between 1848 and 1860 [when] Egypt rose from twenty-sixth to twelfthRead MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 PagesRevolution: The Eighteenth-Century Crisis A. Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises 1. Rivalry among the European powers intensified in the early 1600s as the Dutch Attacked Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas and in Asia. In the 1600s and 1700s the British then checked Dutch commercial and colonial ambitions and went on to defeat France in the Seven Years War (1756–1763) and take over French colonial possessions in the Americas and in India.

Italy Essay Thesis Example For Students

Italy Essay Thesis History Italys birth as a nation began in 1861 when the city/states of the peninsula and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily united under the regime of King Victor Emmanuel. Originally Greeks had settled in the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in the 7th and 8th century B.C. Etruscans and Romans populated the central and northern regionsBy the third century A.D. the peninsula had been unified under the Roman Empire along with the neighboring islands. The Empire dominated the Mediterranean world from 1 A.D. until its collapse in 5 A.D. After the empires collapse all the once controlled regions were plagued by political discourse, which made them vulnerable to invasion. In the 11th century the commercial prosperity in the countrys northern and central cities combined with the influence of the Renaissance tempered the effects of the existing medieval political rivalries. The calm allowed for the idea of a single Italian government to blossom. By 1861 a nationalist movement had emerged and reunified Italy, except for Rome, which would follow in 1870, and Victor Emmanuel was proclaimed King. Italy remained a constitutional monarchy with a parliament elected until 1922 when Benito Mussolini established a fascist dictatorship. Mussolinis disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italys defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and was buoyed by the economic revival that followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO and the ECC (European Economic Community)Italy has been at the forefront of the European economic and political unification and has been a member of the European Monetary Union since 1999. PeopleItaly has the fifth highest population density in Europe (490 people per square miles). Though Italian is the primary language there are still a few minority groups through the country. The largest group is the German-speaking people of Bolzano province and the Slovene in Trieste. There are also small blocks of Albanian, Greek, Ladino, and French inhabitants as well. Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion among Italians but all faiths are granted equal freedoms under the present constitution. The Roman Catholic Church, though dominant, had its temporal powers ended in 1870 with a series of pacts with Italys government. The Lateran Pacts of 1929 recognized Vatican City as a sovereign entity. The pacts also include an end of Roman Catholicism as the nations state religion. This allowed for Protestant and Jewish communities to evolve as well as a growing Muslim immigrant community. Italys Renaissance period during the 14th and 15th centuries began a cultural revolution that would eventually spread throughout Europe. Authors such as Petrarch, Tasso, and Arioso emerged and invoked a long lasting influence over the literary world, as did the eras artists and composers. The Italian romantic operas penned by Rossi, Verdi, and Puccini along with the artistry of Raphael, Botticelli and Michelangelo set lofty standards that their colleagues today strive for. Todays Italy continues in todays world to be a strong contributor to Western culture. Voting in Italian elections is open to anyone over eighteen years of age except in senatorial elections where the minimum voting age is twenty-five years. GovernmentThe Italian government is a centralized one. Each leader of the five provinces are appointed by and made accountable to the central government. The Italian constitution also provides for twenty regions, which are governed by limited powers. The regions of Sardinia, Sicily, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle dAosta, and Friuli-Venezia Gullah operate under special autonomy statues. The remaining fifteen, which were established in 1970, vote for regional councils. The Legislative BranchThe 1948 constitution established a bicameral parliament made of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Dei Deputati) consists of 630 seats of which 475 seats are directly elected. The remaining 155 seats are elected by regional representation. All members serve five-year terms. The Senate (Senato della Republica) is made up of 315 seats that are elected by a popular vote. 232 of the senate seats are directly elected and the remaining 83 are elected by a regional proportional representation. There is also a small number of senators for life which includes former presidents. Legislation may originate in either House but a majority in both must pass it. Education as a social institution EssayItaly is also short in farmable land but it still boasts 1.8million employed by farming. Italian farms average 7acres which reasons why most of Italys food supply is imported. The small and medium sized family operated manufacturing businesses is Italys economic strength. But, most of the ingredients needed in manufacturing are also imported. Italys major industry consists of precision machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and fashions. Italy had an economic downturn after 9/11 but now appears to be on equal footing with its western European neighbors. Today Italy has a primary budget surplus, which is the result of many years of government cutbacks in spending. Also key to the result was Italys ability to control their national debt. Since 1992 the Italian government has made these practices primary as well as developing new ways of generating revenue. LABORLabor unions in Italy used to be affiliated with political parties but now operate as individual entities. Over 40% of Italys work force is a union member. Italys unemployment issue, likes its division of wealth, is similar to the United States because its regional. Italys unemployment rates run high in the south and low in the north. During the 1990s Italys unions made major strives for their members. Among these achievements were a four-year wage moderation agreement, pension reform, and plans to stimulate the market in the economically depressed areas, like the southern region. But, the same issues that plagued Italys government, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, and the effects of organized crime, have made investors suspicious of moving into the southern region. Women and young people are the most effected and many others choose to work illegally. Illegally hiring practices are widespread but the jobs feature low wages and no protections or benefits. In April of 2002 Prime Minister Berlusconis labor reform caused a successful strike to protest by union members. ConclusionIn 2003, Italy is still famous for its cultural influences, history and cars but still has gray clouds over its political arena. President Ciampi is presently on criminal trial for extoration and was the first President to testify at his own trial. Also, Prime Minister Berlusconi drew headlines for his desire for a close friendship with President George W. Bush. The Prime Minister was aloud supporter for Operation Iraqi freedom. The thousands of big businessmen that were investigated in Clean Hands along with the many politicians keeps an eagle eye on the sway of the right wing Eurosceptics that reside in Berlusconis government. Grade A

Pluto Paper free essay sample

Ever since grade school you were taught that our solar system has nine planets. Sadly that is no longer the case; in 2006 astronomers have decided that Pluto no longer qualifies as a planet. Pluto is now considered a â€Å"Dwarf Planet† and has caused a lot of controversy among astronomers. A dwarf planet is not even considered to be a planet, and there are projected to be hundreds of them in our galaxy. Pluto is being demoted to what amounts as a third class citizen in our galaxy. Thousands of textbooks will have to be revised and changed in our schools just because of this one change they made to our solar system. According to the new definition for a planet, a full-fledged planet is an object that orbits the sun and is large enough to have become round due to the force of its own gravity. In addition, a planet has to dominate the neighborhood around its orbit. We will write a custom essay sample on Pluto Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The definition is flawed, relating to â€Å"clear the neighborhood†. Every 228 years Pluto crosses inside of the orbit of Neptune, so technically speaking, it does not clear its neighborhood. But that also means that Neptune does not clear its own neighborhood. Mars and Jupiter don’t clear their neighborhoods as they â€Å"interfere† with the Asteroids, and the Earth actually orbits the Sun with thousands of Asteroids. So the Earth doesn’t clear its own neighborhood either. So if we use the new definition, Pluto, Neptune, Jupiter, Mars, and the Earth, are not planets! Otherwise Pluto fits the definition for a planet; it is from a faulty definition that Pluto is no longer allowed to be a planet. Also, a body’s difficulty in clearing its orbit or the volume of space that it must clear increases dramatically its distance from the sun increases. Clearing is most difficult for Pluto, the furthest â€Å"planet† from the sun. Furthermore, why aren’t â€Å"Dwarf Planets† known as planets? Dwarf Stars are still stars, and Dwarf Galaxies are still galaxies. If it has the word â€Å"planet† in it why is it not a planet? One of the biggest problems with how Pluto got demoted from being a planet was the voting process. Although there are over 10,000 Astronomers in the International Astronomical Union, only 237 of them voted and approved this definition. Only 4% of the astronomer population voted, many of them felt they should have been able to vote electronically. Therefore, there was NOT a majority consensus of what a planet is. If people had to be at only one specific spot every time they voted for something I’m sure even our presidential votes would have changed because no one would want to vote. Hundreds of Astronomers around the world have signed petitions to ignore the new definition and still refer to Pluto as the ninth planet in our Solar System. They believe the definition of a planet is sloppy and needs to be drastically revised. If so many astronomers don’t agree with the decision, what gave them the right to change the definition and make Pluto no longer a planet? The demotion of Pluto is also going to hurt its research funding. No one wants to study it if it’s not important enough to be a planet. Discovered in 1930, Pluto orbits the Sun, has three moons, has an atmosphere, has weather, and even polar caps. It is not that much different than any of the other planets. It has been known as a planet for more than 75 years, and to change its status with a poor definition and process is bad science. Pluto has earned the right to be a planet; it has been for years and for a few men to say it’s not based on a bad definition is wrong. Pluto needs to be considered a planet again, who knows what they might try to change in our solar system next.

The Largest Scandal In Corporate History Accounting Essay Example

The Largest Scandal In Corporate History Accounting Essay Example The Largest Scandal In Corporate History Accounting Essay The Largest Scandal In Corporate History Accounting Essay The autumn of Enron Corporation in early 2002 shortly after it was named as the America s most advanced company from 1996 to 2001 by Fortune magazine, was a immense bankruptcy instance that took topographic point in the American history, and its stock monetary value had plummeted near to zero. after that it is Enron is known as a greed and fraud. Enron was the operating in Energy sector and subsequently he expanded his concern in to assorted field such as natural gas and electricity operation and gas grapevine web.[ 2 ]The ground for the ruin of Enron was the usage of the specific purpose entities ( SPV s ) to prosecute in off balance sheet activities, Enron fundamentally used the SPV s to pull strings fiscal consequences.[ 3 ] Enron s beginnings day of the month back to 1985 when it began life as an interstate grapevine company throughA the amalgamation with Houston Natural Gas and Omaha-based Intermonth. Kenneth Lay, the main executive officerA of Houston natural gas, A was the president. From the grapevine sector, Enron began traveling into new Fieldss. In 1999, the company launched its broadband services unit and Enron Online, the company s web site for trading trade goods, which shortly became the largest concern site in the universe. About 90 per cent of its incomeA finally came from trades over Enron Online. Growth for Enron was rapid.A In 2000, the company s one-year gross reachedA $ 100 billion US. ItA ranked as the seventh-largest company on the Fortune. The company s stock monetary value peaked at $ 90 US. However, clefts began to look in 2001. In August of that twelvemonth, Jeffrey Skilling, a driving force in Enron s revamp and the company s Chief executive officer of six months, announced his going. In 2001, Enron reported a loss of $ 618 million, its first quarterly loss in four old ages, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission launched an probe into investing partnerships led by Fastow. That probe would later demo that a complex web of partnerships was designed to conceal Enron s debt. By late November, the company s stock was down to less than $ 1 US. Investors had lost one million millions of dollars.[ 4 ] Enron grew so quickly widening their concern to up to 22, 000 employees, in assorted industries.[ 5 ]Company engaged in to a batch of concern, for which it required a immense sum of money for gas and oil concern and for that they utilised the particular purpose entities, which was a immense move.[ 6 ]Enron had an upper manus into traveling in a batch of other concern because it was already involved in the gas and oil concern, the company know a batch more than the other rivals.[ 7 ] Enron s ruin in the 2001, as because of these issues, luck concern magazine foremost raises the inquiry How, precisely, does Enron do its money? Enron employee, sherron Watkins, meets Lay to alarm him to her concerns about dodgy finance and accounting patterns at the house. However in, October Enron shocks the markets by denoting a $ 638m loss for the past three month, and write-downs deserving $ 1.2bn ; three yearss subsequently the US stock market watchdog launches an enquiry into Enron s fundss. A hebdomad subsequently Fastow is sacked. Enron agrees to be bought by rival house Dynegy. Shortly thenceforth Enron announces even further losingss. As Enron s portion monetary value falls below $ 1, Dynegy breaks off the coup detat negotiations and in December, Enron declares itself belly-up.[ 8 ]Enron was considered insolvent, after that a batch of inquiries raised, that whether the portions were overpriced.[ 9 ] After the thaw down of the portions it was declared one of the biggest bankruptcies and many fiscal experts had a batch of review to it, `Deakin stated that the ground for the failure can be the accounting methods the struggle among the senior direction, fiscal norms, misreporting of fiscal histories, badly damaged the market assurance and the utmost variegation of concern were some of the factors which led to the company being insolvents.[ 10 ] The grounds for the down autumn can be considered to be the accounting method, `Fusaro and miller` , stated that the fiscal establishments have got into problem when they have misinterpretated the figures generated by grade to pattern mechanism, by reading the values as existent monetary value from the bing market. Enron made the same error, and a peculiar point when their net income started to fall, they even manipulated the theoretical account in a thrust to make a positive image for the company and their earning.[ 11 ]Another error can be the SPE where there were structured in such a manner that the operated as off balance sheet points.[ 12 ]Internal disciplinary issues were of a concern that the employee s had insecurity about their occupations and traveling into so many Fieldss at the same clip and off from company s aims was besides one of the factors that led to Enron ruin. After that assorted ordinance were made within the US and UK, which shall be discussed in the following portion nevertheless the Enron ruin could be that the increased usage of the information engineering and the growing of operational complexness were noticed because of the market competition, and keep a adherent is a challenge for all the industries. `John argues that the compensation bundles granted to Enron s top executives gave them highly high-octane inducements to concentrate on the portion monetary value. This contributed to their willingness to misstate the fiscal personal businesss of the company so as to delight analysts and investors. `Skeel comparisons this with the behavior of errant executives argues that in each instance, the jobs were caused by a combination of a civilization in which risk-taking by executives was linked to honor with inordinate competition. These encouraged directors to take ever-increasing gambles.[ 13 ]However these factors led to the ruin of the Enron Company. Measure the alterations in Torahs which were implemented in the US after this dirt. Are at that place tantamount executions in the UK? The Enron instance was the biggest in a series of dirts that damaged the repute of corporate America. As a direct consequence the US Congress passed a tough new jurisprudence, called Sarbanes-Oxley, which imposed stricter regulations on hearers and made corporate managers reprehensively apt for lying about their histories.[ 14 ]The ground for the reform was to reconstruct the public assurance on the stock markets which was affected by the Enron dirt, which enhanced the independent operation ability of the managers and hearers which could aline managerial operations to the best involvement of their stockholders.[ 15 ] There have been a batch of alterations made in the US ordinance after the Enron ruin, a few of the alterations were the of import 1s, new demand to hold the audit commission which should include a fiscal expert, hearers which comprise of managers, periodic studies on the company operation, internal effectual control, demand of corporate attorneies to describe any suspected force of security, prohibition on giving directors and managers company loans and limitations on stock gross revenues by executives during certain black out period.[ 16 ] S ( 301 ) of SOX Act[ 17 ], it directs the national security exchange, to forbid the listing of any company that does non put in an audit commission. S ( 202 ) SOX Act[ 18 ], nevertheless, requires the audit commission to pre O.K. all audit and most non-audit services. S ( 203 ) of SOX Act provides that most accounting houses may non supply audit services to a publically traded company, normally referred to as an issuer, if the lead audit spouse or the reexamining audit spouse has performed audit services for the issuer in each of the issuer s old five financial old ages.[ 19 ]S ( 302 ) of SOX Act[ 20 ], Management appraisal of revelation controls, revelation of information to the SEC. S ( 402 ) SOX Act, states direction appraisal of internal controls over fiscal coverage.[ 21 ] The Sarbanes Oxley promises a long term benefit investors will confront lower hazard of losingss from fraud and larceny, mere dependable fiscal study, greater transparence and answerability. The economic system will profit because better allotment of resort and faster growing.[ 22 ]These and similar suggestions are frequently reflected in the treatment about new Torahs and in the concluding legal model itself. The prostration of Enron influenced policies related to corporate administration in many states, but the strongest and quickest reactions were in the USA and the UK. Morrison ( 2004 ) summarizes the chief US legal responses. In the USA, corporate administration is regulated by several governments. Corporations are capable to federal statute law, SEC regulations and province Torahs. The most comprehensive reform of corporate administration jurisprudence since the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 was the Sarbanes-Oxley Corporate Reform Act of 2002 ( SOA ) .As Morrison ( 2004 ) notes, SOA is non a new codification of corporate administration, but instead a set of statutory reforms refering fiscal controls, scrutinizing and accounting. In a nutshell, most of the commissariats of SOA concern the independency of members of the audit commission, on hearers executing certain types of non-audit work, a alteration of accounting criterions for debts of particular purpose entities, the revelation of off-balance sheet minutess and the protection of alleged whistle blowers[ 23 ].By contrast the UK the fiscal coverage reappraisal panel will be granted powers under the companies ( audit probe and community enterprise Act 2004 to necessitate the companies officer and employees to supply the information it needs to transport on with the probe into the company, the secretary of the province has greater power to direct a supervisory organic structure.[ 24 ] Harmonizing to SOA, the CEO and the CFO must besides attest one-year studies, and may confront condemnable punishments in instances of foolhardy enfranchisement. SOA besides prohibits personal loans to managers and disgorges incentive-based compensations and stock gross revenues net incomes if histories are overstated. It besides requires senior fiscal officers to unwrap their corporate codification of moralss.[ 25 ]Under the UK jurisprudence 2004 Act, the secretary of the province can necessitate more elaborate revelation by the listed companies of the audit and non audit services provided by their hearer and with respects to the loan under the S ( 330 ) of 1985 Act, UK jurisprudence restricts loans to managers and individual connected with them, whereas the US jurisprudence extends to senior executive officer who are non board member, nevertheless the US jurisprudence does non hold so many exclusions.[ 26 ] There is an ability of the SEC to forbid the individuals from functioning as a manager nevertheless under the UK jurisprudence there is Director Disqualification Act ( 1986 ) which has similar powers. There are nevertheless steps from Independence of audit commission and their effectivity and under the UK really similar commissariats can be seen under the combined codification and Smith Guidance. Critics besides objected that the Higgs Report recommendations could ensue in the application a One-size-fits-all templet to companies that are in kernel different. However, sing the comply or explain rule maintained by the Higgs Report, this expostulation could be dismissed because it is after all up to the companies to convincingly explicate to the Shareholders their divergences from the Combined Code. In September 2002, another group chaired by Sir Robert Smith was set up to reexamine and develop regulations for audit commissions to be included in the Combined Code. Based on both the Hi ggs Report and the Smith Report, the UK authorities delegated the Financial Reporting Council to take the studies recommendations into history when outlining the new Combined Code.[ 27 ] The first demand demands greater answerability of top direction, as recommended by stakeholder theoreticians, while the undermentioned two could be seen as alterations of the original stockholder model.SOA does non turn to the job of independent board managers, per Se. Neither does modulate equity-based compensation. These issues are nevertheless dealt with in the updated 2002 NYSE Listing Standards. Harmonizing to which, the bulk of the board should non hold any stuff relationship with the company, former employees of the company and its hearer must wait five old ages before functioning on the board, the audit commission must hold exclusive duty for engaging the audit house and stockholders must O.K. all share-based compensation. Dewing and Russell ( 2003 ) sum up the legal responses to Enron and similar dirts in the UK. Long before Enron s death, the Cadbury Report of 1992 was the first ad hoc survey that reacted to the lifting importance of corporate administration. Its findings were incorporated in the alleged Combined Code. In 2002, Derek Higgs was chosen by the UK authorities to reexamine the function and effectivity of non-executive managers. The Higgs Report maintained the comply or explain rule established by the Cadbury Report. Furthermore, Dewing and Russell ( 2003 ) see the followers as the most controversial, a senior independent manager should be identified, at least half of the members of the board should be independent non-executive managers ; the senior independent manager should go to a sufficient figure of the regular meetings of direction with major stockholders to develop a balanced apprehension of the subjects, issues and concerns of stockholders.[ 28 ] The UK has implemented alterations after the US act and they have been, the purpose for manager to supply hearer with right information. The new governments were set out in the Companies Audit Investigations and Community Enterprise Act ( 2004 ) , which ensures to hold more rigorous security steps in the truth of the records and that the managers need to supply the right information to the hearer if they do it negligently in that instance they can fined or imprisoned, another major alteration that could hold been seen was that the authorities could look into the company s record, nevertheless companies are obliged to guarantee control and efficiency over the process by these company jurisprudence process.[ 29 ] These recommendations aimed to better the board s liberty, make the determination doing procedure more transparent, and prevent struggles of involvement. One of the chief unfavorable judgment was that the restraint that half the board members be non-executive managers could forestall the publicity of gifted executives, and consequence in cumbersome boards and poorer company public presentation.[ 30 ] Wordss: 2550 BIBLOGRAPHY Books: Eilis Ferran, Principles of corporate Finance jurisprudence , Third edition, Oxford University Press ( 2008 ) Fusaro, P. C. and Miller, R. M. ( 2002 ) What Went Wrong at ENRON: Everyone s usher to the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history ( First Edition ) . New Jersey, John Wiley A ; Sons, Inc Fox, L. ( 2003 ) ENRON The Rise and autumn ( First Edition ) . New Jersey, John Wiley A ; Sons, Inc Deakin, S. and Konzelmann, S. J. ( 2004 ) Corporate Administration: Learning from Enron . Vol 12 Issue 2, Pages 134 142. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd Matthew J. Barret, Enron and Andersen-What Went Wrong and Why Similar Audited account Failures Could Happen Again , ENRON: Corporate FIASCOS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS, pp. 155-168, Foundation Press 2004 Journal: Paul M. Healy and Krishna G. Palepu, The Fall of Enron , vol 17, No 2, spring ( 2003 ) P 3-26, Journal of economic position Palepu, K. G. and Healy, P. M. ( 2003 ) Negotiation, Organizations and Markets Research Papers The Fall of Enron . Journal of Economics Perspectives, Volume 17, Number 2. ( Spring 2003 ) , Armour, J. and McCahery, J.A. ( 2006 ) After Enron: Bettering Corporate Law and Modernizing Securities Regulation in Europe and the US . Working Paper No. 2006-07. Amsterdam Centre for Law A ; Economicss John C.Coates, `The Goal and promise of Sarbanes- Oxley Act , The Journal Of Economic Perspective, vol 21, No 1 ( 2007 Jan Zika IES FSV UK , Corporate administration after Enron: recommendation and legal responses , Corporate Governance Term paper 2005/2006 Web site: CBC intelligence: The rise and autumn of Enron lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2006/05/25/enron-bkgd.html gt ; BBC News: Timeline: Enron s rise and autumn hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5018176.stm [ online ] BBC News: Business ( 2002 ) Timeline: Enron s rise and autumn [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk The BBC News: : The Q A ; A: Enron Case [ online ] www.BBC.co.uk Out-Law.com, UK version of Sarbanes-Oxley in force today , hypertext transfer protocol: //www.out-law.com/page-5505 Adam Dowdney, ` Corporate administration in the UK A ; US hypertext transfer protocol: //www.taglaw.com/index.php? option=com_content A ; view=article A ; id=497: corporate-governance-in-the-uk-a-us A ; catid=131: specialty-group-information-archives A ; Itemid=100016 gt ;

buy custom Obesity in Children essay

buy custom Obesity in Children essay Indulging in fast foods choices by children while spending their time in front of the television or by playing video games has lead to obesity. According to researchers, the root cause of obesity in adults can be traced back to their childhood; an implication that obesity has both short and long term impacts, affecting both their physical and psychosocial health. A lot of children are now being diagnosed with adult conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol levels etc, and there is a high likelihood that they will carry the obesity burden into adulthood, if the right measures won`t be taken early enough to avert the problem. Research shows that overweight children, who develop into obese adolescents and adults, have high chances of developing health complications. Abnormalities of cardiovascular consequences in adulthood are examples of problems that begin in childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is directly related to increased energy consumption of diet, sedentary lifestyle, and decrease in physical activity levels (Summerbell, et al., 2005). In many countries such as Australia with estimated 20%, and The United States with 60% of obese children, obesity is increased significantly by spending long hours in front of television (Lennan, 2004). Also, the impact of vast number of environmental and cultural factors such as increase in family breakdown may contribute to the increase in obesity among children (Summerbell, et al., 2005). There are recommendations by The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) to help families of obese children, by following the weight management guideline for young people that focuses on outcomes such as, healthy eating and physical activity in controlling levels of obesity and overweight in children (Lennan, 2004). Parents may manage their childrens weight, by encouraging the eating of low calories foods, and more casual activities such as walking or riding a bike to school. Parents are in a better position to understand how obesity in their children affects them, ranging from the high cost of medical bills in treating obesity-related health problems as a result of health complications. Therefore, families should take the responsibility to ensure that children follow these guidelines, in order to maintain a healthier lifestyle. The result will be lower risks of having health issues such as obesity in children and a better management of overall next generations health (L ennan, 2004). This paper discusses the contributing factors of obesity in children, the health implications, and how it can be prevented. Risk Factors The following factors have increased the prevalence of obesity among children; Behavioral Factors Obesity occurs, when one consumes more calories than can burn. In the United States, the changing environment has broadened food options and eating habits of people. Supermarkets shelves are stocked with a wide selection of foods, such as fast foods, pre-packaged foods. Numerous fast food restaurants have also thrived in the US, such as McDonalds, selling people high calorie-foods, in the name of convenience, thus contributing to the excess caloric intake, causing the weight gain (Dietz, 2004). Food portion servings have also been increased inrestaurants and homes. Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Lifestyles Research indicates that a decrease in the amount of energy one spends daily, without an associated decrease in the overall energy consumption, is a major contributor to increased childhood obesity. Children spend most of their leisure time in front of the television, or computer, playing video games, or watching cartoon programs. Children in the US, for example, spend about of 25% of their waking time in front of the television (Freedman, Khan Dietz, 2001). This, when coupled with the associated intake of high calorie snacks during that time, increases obesity in children. Research has also reported that schools have reduced the amount of time that children engage in physical activity, while in school. The insufficient or total lack of physical activity, in addition to taking too many calories, puts children at risk of being obese. Physical Environment Researchers have classified the physical environment, among the risk factors contributing to the rapid increase of obesity not only among children, but adults as well. For instance, the developed environments, in the urban areas have been a hindrance for children to engage in physical activity due to the limited space outdoors for children to play, insecurity in the neighborhoods, unattended dogs, as well as traffic jam that can prevent children from walking or biking to school, as a way of exercising. Genetics Studies have proved that genetic susceptibility is a risk factor that causes obesity; that people who are biologically related exhibit resemblance in maintenance of their body weights. About 5-40% of obesity cases in children are hereditary. In addition, a child whose both parents are obese, have 75% probability of being obese, while a child, with only one obese parent, has 25-50% of being obese (Freedman, Khan Dietz, 2001). Advertising and Marketing Advertising have adverse effects on children, in terms of their food consumption, preferences and behavior. One study revealed a significant correlation between the weekly viewing of the television among three-year old children, and their food requests, as well as the parental purchases of the particular foods that were advertised on the television (Ogden, Carroll, Curtin, 2010). While some foods are advertised as fat-free, low-fat, or healthy, they actually contain additional calories than the foods they are supposed to replace. Such misguided, notions, have lured children, to put pressure on their parents to buy for them the foods they have seen on TV. Parents, on the other hand, have yielded to the demands of their children, despite the fact that they know that such foods contain high calories. Effects of Childhood Obesity Obesity in children has been associated with health conditions such as diabetes, elevated cholesterol levels, hypertension, cancer, asthma, as well as sleep apnea (disrupted breathing during sleeping). Other than increasing the risk of health problems among the children, the effect of obesity is also being felt in terms of the amount various countries spend on healthcare cost. For instance, the United States used an estimated $102.2 billion on healthcare in 1999; in 2008, the amount increased to $117 billion. In addition, about 300,000 deaths from obesity-related health problems are being reported yearly in the US (Ogden, Carroll, Curtin, 2010). Treatment/ Prevention There is no treatment for obesity; therefore, emphasis should be placed on prevention. The weight management guidelines provided by The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) to families to help young people with obesity include, healthy eating through the reduction of dietary fat, taking foods with low calories, and reducing food portions, as well as, increasing physical activity. This involves lowering sedentary behaviors in children, such as watching the television for long hours. Parents should also encourage children to eat healthy snacks and fruits instead of the high-calorie snacks, as well as totally changing food menus to healthier foods (Ogden, Carroll, Curtin, 2010). If everyone in the family is eating healthy foods, children with obesity will also be encouraged to eat healthy. In addition, parents should encourage their children to engage in more physical activity, such as walking or cycling when going to school, as opposed to taking a bus, make it a routin e for children to engage in housework chores, to enable them burn some calories. Parents should understand that weight loss is a gradual process, and therefore, they should not put pressure on the children to lose weight fast; instead, they should support and motivate them. Obesity in children can be reduced only through a proper diet or exercise. Since children cannot take individual responsibility to take control of what they eat or do, it is up to the parents to encourage them to engage in more physical activity, while providing them with healthier meals. Conclusion Obesity is a condition that causes serious health problem among children. The condition cut across all ages, races, and sex. The alarming rate, at which the problem has increased among children, is worrying. The main risk factors that have been associated with childhood obesity include sedentary, inactive lifestyles, physical environment, genetics, behavioral factors, and television advertising. There is, however, no cure for children`s obesity, but a change of lifestyle, has been found to be effective in controlling the incidence of obesity among children. This involves more involvement in physical activity, and eating proper diet, with healthier foods. Since children are too young to know what is right or wrong, parents have to be responsible for encouraging eating and a healthy life style. However, the efforts of parents alone cannot fully control the problem. Teachers should also allocate an adequate time for children to exercise in school, as well as providing them with health education. Since prevention is the only way to control children`s obesity sustainably, prevention programs are, therefore, very important. Such programs should be very comprehensive encompassing behavioral, educational, and environmental components, and this requires the efforts of all stakeholders, especially children, parents, public health agencies, the media, education professionals and health care providers. In conclusion, we should all unite to help prevent childhood obesity. Buy custom Obesity in Children essay

Critique on chapter 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critique on chapter 4 - Essay Example roceeds at a fast pace, and although the tone and language are accessible, some of the ideas are quite profound, for example the different ways that communication can take place asynchronously and the implications that can follow from these different contexts. The majority of the concepts used are abstract, and this makes the chapter somewhat more difficult to follow than the previous chapter. 2 There are several new ideas in this chapter, and they make the reader think more deeply about time, not just in the sense of the historical time when films or books are produced, for example, but the time that passes by while a person reads or listens to or views a work of art or a piece of communication. This time factor is so obvious that it is often taken for granted and overlooked, even by academic experts, but it is important because it can be a huge variable which influences greatly how a message is interpreted. Generally, the more time distance, and also cultural distance, between the entity giving out the message and the entity receiving it, the more chance there is that the intended and received meanings will be different. This makes the reader think more about past, present and future reception of media texts, and what changes could take place in the gaps between these times, some of which can be nano seconds, and others can be centuries. This broadened my usual frame of thinking about media. 3 The chapter ended rather suddenly, and the connection between time and culture gap was not very clear. There perhaps should have been more explanation of the last section on culture. I would like also to have had more exact definition of the words, for example asynchronous to show what the Greek parts of the word mean. 4 I thought that the examples given in the book in chapter four were generally adequate. One example that could have been used is that of a person watching a film for the first time, when it is first released, perhaps when still a child, and then that

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Final - Essay Example In the initial contemporary period, European encounters were the result of the advancement of change of the western societies, during the revolution into the current capitalist markets and nations to states. The first advancement was experienced in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the focus was the Atlantic basin, which constituted the Atlantic islands, Coastal West Africa, and Central America continent. This also included the Northern Seas, the Oriental Seas and the Asian Seas. The second advancement was in the 18th century, which took place around the Pacific regions. The other expansion was in the 19th century, which took place in the central Africa. All these advancements brought with them new encounters like socialization and movement of people from different parts of the world, which in turn brought about appreciation and development of different cultures or the transcultural world. There was also redistribution of the world resources, which led to imbalance in the world economy as Europeans benefitted more than others (Heinemann 301). These encounters also stimulated the European perception on the nature and community in general, and brought new perspectives of rational enquiry. Also, there were impressive travel accounts and historical writings, which form an important part of history today. Western civilization is viewed as legacy of concepts that exists in Europe and America, which emanated from Greece and Rome. However, the civilization does not belong to any specific place. Different people used historical evidence to promote their own ideas, for instance, Martin Luther’s ideas were based on the Christian teaching in the holy bible. He suggested that, according to the word of God, individuals cannot exist as unmarried without sinning, and it is only in the family where chaste life could hold. Martin Luther encouraged and advocated for removal of girls from the nunneries and covenants that led to sexual repression. Luther

Uses of Computer in Schools Essay Example for Free

Uses of Computer in Schools Essay Computers are-machines that accept incoming data process them and produce outputs-depending on the users applications. Present time, we are so much associated with these devices that without them we would not be able to live the way we do. They play a crucial role in everybodys life. They bring a major socio-economic revolution not only in India but also in the whole world itself. From pocket calculators to personal computers (PC), food processors and microchips entering through VCRS at home, their uses are manifolds. The computers are employed to assist men in business organizations, in space and other researches and in many other walks of life. The personal computer (PC) is marching into the office where it is improving productivity by replacing paper works, customer services and job satisfactions for some. Why Computers are used widely? The computers process informations that come in all shapes and sizes from any fields so accurately that, some people may call these Informatics— The Science of Informal ion Processing, i.e. the methods of recording, manipulating and retrieving informations. It may be from a mathematical equation to a companys work-force necessary to produce a payroll or from meteorological department to forecast tomorrows weather or from space research to project a new space craft. Whatever may be the case, why computers are used widely? The following characteristics that make the computers very popular for its multifarious uses may give the befitting reply. (i) Speed First, the computers are regarded as high speed calculators. They can process voluminous data within a fraction of second which no human being could do earlier. If we want tomorrows forecast today, meteorologists can use the computers for necessary calculations and analyses. The units of speed of a computer are the microsecond, the nano (10)-9 second and even the picot second. (ii) Storage As human brain can store the knowledge in memory and can able to recall it, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer can do the same job without any failure. But the internal memory of CPU is only large enough to retain a certain amount of information. So, to store each and every information inside the computer, an Auxiliary or Secondary Storage Device is being attached outside the memory of the CPU. (iii) Accuracy The computers are much popular due to their high speed along with consistently very high accuracy. Sometimes, the machinery may give errors, but due to increase in efficiently error-detecting techniques, these seldom lead to false results. Most of the errors in computers are due to human himself. (iv) Automation Once a programme is in the computers memory, it will start processing the input informations; thus leading to automation. (v) Versatility The computers are versatile in nature. They can perform any task given to them provided they are well programmed, (vi) Diligence Being a machine, a computer is very diligent in its duties. It never suffers from human fatigue and tiredness or lack of concentration. It can perform thousands after thousands calculations with exactly same accuracy and speed as the first one without any rest.

Put a Girl in it Essay -- Sociology, Human Companionship

Put a Girl in it Human companionship is one of the most basic needs of humans that can be seen in the Creation story. It is tricky for any human to find the perfect companion, especially if one is one of a kind. In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein two characters exemplify this need Dr. Victor Frankenstein and The Creature. They are in search of the same thing companionship, and they go to great lengths to try to achieve it from the traditional to scientific discoveries. The classic theme of perversion of family is a major component in Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein comes from a good family and in his adult life he longing for a loving companion is mainly found in the pursuit of the Creature and Elizabeth. The development for the need for the Creature starts when he falls in love with knowledge and is furthered when he leaves to study. In his childhood he finds â€Å"Natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate; I desire, therefore, in this narration, to state those facts which led to my predilection for that science† (Shelley 36). This passion develops into his obsession in his adult life when he gains more accesses to scientific knowledge and new technology. Then it climaxes with start of the creation of the Creature because his accesses to bodies and tools. Victor sees his progression, â€Å"I read with ardour those works, so full of genius and discrimination†¦ it easily conceived that my progress was rapid† (48 ). His description of the creation makes it seem like he is mothering a child into birth. He distorts the sanctity of childbirth by creating a human in a lab. This also makes him the mother and father of the Creature. He realizes the immense power he holds, â€Å"When I found so astonishing a power placed within my han... ...led â€Å"You must create a female for me with whom can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for being† (145). Creature seems to be devout of all humanity except the meager scrapes of which it was made, but it still appears to have the deep emotional needs of all humans. Having to fight off the world he seems callus. The need for a female is so overpowering, it forsakes everything to just have a companion to love. The Creature is seen as a human. It really shares all the properties that humans have but it is ostracized because of his appearance. The basic need of compassion and a companion is shared by all humans. Victor Frankenstein and his child Creature both long for the same thing, a companion to love. They both conflict with the others pursuit of companionship. If you wanna live the good life [you] Better put a gir-r-rl in it –Brooks and Dunn. Put a Girl in it Essay -- Sociology, Human Companionship Put a Girl in it Human companionship is one of the most basic needs of humans that can be seen in the Creation story. It is tricky for any human to find the perfect companion, especially if one is one of a kind. In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein two characters exemplify this need Dr. Victor Frankenstein and The Creature. They are in search of the same thing companionship, and they go to great lengths to try to achieve it from the traditional to scientific discoveries. The classic theme of perversion of family is a major component in Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein comes from a good family and in his adult life he longing for a loving companion is mainly found in the pursuit of the Creature and Elizabeth. The development for the need for the Creature starts when he falls in love with knowledge and is furthered when he leaves to study. In his childhood he finds â€Å"Natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate; I desire, therefore, in this narration, to state those facts which led to my predilection for that science† (Shelley 36). This passion develops into his obsession in his adult life when he gains more accesses to scientific knowledge and new technology. Then it climaxes with start of the creation of the Creature because his accesses to bodies and tools. Victor sees his progression, â€Å"I read with ardour those works, so full of genius and discrimination†¦ it easily conceived that my progress was rapid† (48 ). His description of the creation makes it seem like he is mothering a child into birth. He distorts the sanctity of childbirth by creating a human in a lab. This also makes him the mother and father of the Creature. He realizes the immense power he holds, â€Å"When I found so astonishing a power placed within my han... ...led â€Å"You must create a female for me with whom can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for being† (145). Creature seems to be devout of all humanity except the meager scrapes of which it was made, but it still appears to have the deep emotional needs of all humans. Having to fight off the world he seems callus. The need for a female is so overpowering, it forsakes everything to just have a companion to love. The Creature is seen as a human. It really shares all the properties that humans have but it is ostracized because of his appearance. The basic need of compassion and a companion is shared by all humans. Victor Frankenstein and his child Creature both long for the same thing, a companion to love. They both conflict with the others pursuit of companionship. If you wanna live the good life [you] Better put a gir-r-rl in it –Brooks and Dunn.

Communication †Pizza Essay

Introduction Pizza Hut is based in Wichita, Kansas USA 19581. A woman and her two sons created pizza recipes. From here, a family friend advised the sons to open their own Pizza Parlor. 2. Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Brands, Inc. , which also has KFC, Taco Bell, A&W and Long John Silver’s under its umbrella. Pizza Hut is the world’s largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries 3. In India, Pizza Hut has 133 restaurants across 34 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, and Chandigarh amongst others. Yum!is in the process of opening Pizza Hut restaurants at many more locations to service a larger customer base across the country 4. Borrowing $600 from their mother, the two brothers purchased second-hand equipment and rented a small building on a busy intersection in Wichita, Kansas. The result of their efforts was the first Pizza Hut and the foundation for what would become the largest and the most successful pizza restaurant in the world 5. Pizza Hut franchisees exemplify the entrepreneurial spirit, which launched their system back in 1958. Through interest and initiative, the Pizza Hut system was able to develop new territories in the United States and overseas. Today, franchisees and joint-venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’s total units. Their development on the international front is a good indication of the growth that has characterized their system. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968, the Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. Today, Pizza Hut operates in more than 100 countries and territories throughout the world 6. When Pizza Hut opened its outlet in Baroda, Gujarat they firstly thought that they should make a new pizza to the recipe of the local style in order to attract the local population. g They decided to provide the pizza according to the customer’s taste of choice7. This essay aims to answering the following question: â€Å"Should Pizza Hut open a new outlet in Baroda? † 1. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 2. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 3. http://220. 226. 195. 78/pizzahut. co. in/about_us. php 4. http://220. 226. 195. 78/pizzahut. co. in/about_us.php 5. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 6. http://www. pizzahut. com/OurStory. aspx 7. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview RESEARCH QUESTION Pizza Hut is an established brand all over India. To increase the growth of the new outlet, Pizza Hut recently set up a new market research on the outskirts of Baroda with the investment of __ Basically, Pizza Hut firms in India send Managers to spread proper awareness about their new outlet among the customers through different types of advertising and keep the customers informed about their advancements in current outlets 10. Commercially, I expect that the opening of the new branch will lead to an increase in sales in Baroda, Gujarat, and could increase the market share of Pizza Hut. For this reason, they want to be able to successfully market their new firm when it is commercially launched. As previously mentioned, to increase its growth and successfully market their upcoming outlet, Pizza Hut has been reviewing various promotion strategies like price reduction, to increase the price in their marketing budget and increase in number of staffs 11. So increasing the production by opening the new outlet and to increase the number of staff to work in both of the outlets is a strategy that Pizza Hut is strongly considering in order to increase their growth in the domestic market 12. 8. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 9. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 10. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 11. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview THEORETICAL FRAME WORK The Growth of a business can be measured in many different ways such as assets, sales revenue, operating profit, market share, value added, and number of employees 13. As information of pizzas is involved, Pizza Hut believes that what they bring new in the market is not compared with any of the products of any another firm which is selling pizza’s14. I commercially expect that the opening of the new firm will lead to increase in sales in Baroda, Gujarat, and could increase the market share of Pizza Hut. Due to this, they want to be able to successfully market their new firm when it is commercially launched. Pizza Hut aims to convince the customers to set down their new business, (target market) 15. The other promotional method used by Pizza Hut and to spread the awareness about their new outlet is to do market research. I did the market research for Pizza Hut so that they can locate their new outlet where there are more potential consumers. High income group was also asked about the opening of a new outlet, before it is brought up in the market. Pizza Hut believes that the methods used to research on opening a new outlet take hold of the attention of the customers for long time, so that they can visit the outlet frequently16. For reasons mentioned above, growth is widely regarded as the most favorable method to increase the profit level. 12. http://www. tutor2u.net/business/presentations/strategy/businessgrowth/default. html 13. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 14. _________ 15. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 16. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview METHODOLOGY To reach a suitable conclusion, an in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis shall be conducted by using different business tools to the primary data as well as the secondary data collected. The primary data contains the interview of the Manager of the Pizza Hut outlet which already exists, the opinion of the customers who visit the exiting outlet and a few other people. Market research: This will contain the content of the market research and what it entails. This was conducted by me. Analysis of market research: This will contain the graph and an explanation about how many people will visit the new outlet (assumption) from the old outlets daily earning. Swot analysis: This will contain the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats of the business for opening the new outlet. Ansoff’s matrix: A model which identifies growth strategies for a business and it is based on an analysis of their products and their market. Pest-g: This will identify the political, economical, social and technological, as well as the environmental problem of the firm. Cost analysis: Cost analysis will be conducted to find out the quantifiable and unquantifiable cost involved in increasing the personal selling. MARKET RESEARCH Market research is the collection, collation and analysis of the data relating to the marketing and consumption of the goods and the services18. Market research helps in opening the new outlet, tells us were we stand in the market and how we can improve. How many times does the customer visit Pizza Hut? Group of people |More than once a week |Once a week |Fortnight |Monthly or less | |Family |04 |20 |45 |25 | |College students |35 |50 |36 |19 | |Above 50 |00 |05 |36 |30 | |Teenagers |40 |45 |26 |17 | (18) Here the market research data is organized according to age group. |Market research done of the location |Yes |No | | |(%) |(%) | |Sayajigunj |66 |34 | |Karelibaug |68 |32 | [pic] Here I have conducted the market research for the two different areas and I have come to a conclusion that in Karelibaug there are 90% of people saying yes to open the new outlet 20. This is due to one outlet of Pizza Hut not providing delivery services to distant areas21. So if it is in that area then many people can visit the outlet and this will give more profit to Pizza Hut. As people from Fathegunj, Sayajigunj, city area and Karelibaug can visit as it will be nearer to them 22. 17. market research done by interviewing different people 18. business studies book by Dave hall pg 147 19. interviewing different age group of people 20. People gave reason that why in these two areas. 21. Told by the people staying in that area. ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY DATA The finding of the market research which I have done for Pizza Hut will be analyzed to identify specific market attributes such as the manner in which the customer will respond more. In addition to this, it will identify important information such as the effectiveness of the market research results given by the customers will be discovered. From this data, it will be possible to judge the weaknesses of Pizza Hut. Recommendations will then be made by me on methods which Pizza Hut can adopt to overcome these weaknesses. Once Pizza Hut overcomes these weaknesses, it will have a better chance to successfully market their new outlet, and at the same time increase the sales from their current outlet. The graph below compares the frequency of teenagers who visit Pizza Hut as opposed to college students. [pic] 22 The ratio of college student is more than teenagers23. This means that on an average, college students visit Pizza Hut more compared to the teenagers. This graph tells us how many families and those above 50 wish to go to Pizza Hut. [pic]24 22. market research done by interviewing different people 23. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 24. market research done by interviewing different people SWOT ANALYSIS Swot analysis: swot analysis is an analysis of the internal strength and weaknesses and the external threats and opportunities that Pizza Hut faces. The swot analyses will illustrates how the external opportunities and the threats can be matched with the Pizza Hut’s internal strength and weaknesses to result in a set of possible strategic alternative. This would identify Pizza Hut’s distinctive competencies and the opportunities that the Pizza Hut is not currently taking a due to lack of appropriate resources swot means : S-strength W-weaknesses O- Opportunities T-threats Strength(S): these are the things which I observed, Pizza Hut and their staff do and which is the strength for them: They are well known for their pizzas 26. They provide good quality, taste and quick service 27. Their good service; grooming, cleanliness, and good interaction with the customers make customers want to visit them again 28. Due to their good taste and grooming, the other domestic pizza outlets try to compete and learn from Pizza Hut 29. Reputed brand, market excepted very easily, Due to the above, Pizza Hut makes good profit30. Pizza Hut has the ability to provide it’s customers with deals, offers and specials so that they can save money and get more value. This is a strength for the organization as it makes customers purchase more while receiving more value for their money. Customers use these vouchers and specials when ordering in bulk or for everyday orders. Weaknesses (W): these are the things which I observed and Pizza Hut does poorly and in which they can be affected are: During the weekends, Pizza Hut is full of customers, during that time the service is poor 31. There is little to no place for the people to sit who are waiting to be seated32. Availability of other multinational outlets like Mac Donald and Dominos will be the competitors of Pizza Hut too. 33 Opportunities (O): the directions which the business could take in future like: By opening a new outlet there will be an opportunity for growth of the business and development for employees34. If a person was previously employed by Pizza Hut and has passed the Pizza Hut course with the appropriate certificate, then they are able to receive double their salary35. Pizza Hut is a branded and a multi-national chain, therefore it allows staff salaries to be double that which is offered to other staff in other company’s36. Threats (T): the threats to a business arise from the activity of the competitors and failing to take opportunities like: Pizza Inn is the domestic pizza outlet in Baroda; both of them are doing very good profit-wise therefore Pizza Inn is a threat for Pizza Hut37. Pizza Inn is a well-known organization to the Baroda community as it also provides good quality and taste and this is a threat to Pizza Hut as this is one of Pizza Hut’s strengths. 25. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 26. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/SWOT_analysis. htm 27. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 28. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 29. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 30. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 31. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 32. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 33. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 34. interview taken while doing market research 35. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 36. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 37. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 38. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview THE ANSOFFS MATRIX The ansoff matrix: The Ansoff Growth matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy38. Ansoff’s matrix will allow the firm to consider the alternatives open to it for entering a new market or entering new product into the market39. Product | |Existing |New | |Existing |Market penetration |Product development | |New |Market development |diversification | Market Market penetration: market penetration is used to achieve the growth in the existing market with the existing product40. Market penetration uses the marketing mix to push the product which is gaining as much as market share and as quickly as possible41. Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives: Increase usage by existing customers, maintain or increase the market share of current products42. Pizza Hut is the branded outlet so that people use the substitute outlet less (Pizza Inn, u s pizza, Uncle Sam’s Pizza, and Dominos). Pizza Hut encourages customers to use their outlet more regularly by providing new taste to the customers43. Product development: this is concerned with marketing new or modified products in the market for the customers 44 like: Normal pizzas intend to act as a replacement for the new product which will be introduced45. Market development: this involves the marketing of the existing product in the new market such as: As Pizza Hut has one outlet already in the market, they will open a new outlet in Baroda but in a different area. They will introduce some new products when they open their new outlet. However, they will need to continue the marketing of their old and classic products along with the new products46. Diversification: this will occur when the product is developed for the new market. Diversification allows a business to move away from the trust upon the present market and product47. 38http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm 39oxford study course book by jo toy pg 32 39. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm 40. business studies book by Dave hall pg 239 41. oxford study course book by jo toy pg 32 42. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm 43. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 44. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 45. Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 46. business studies book by Dave hall pg 239 PEST –G ANALYSIS Pest g: this will look at the external environment and the global factors that may or will affect a business. It can provide a quick and visual representation. It is usually divided into five external influences on a business-political, economic, social, and technological and green46. Political: this is concerned with how political developments, regionally, nationally and internationally might affect a business’s strategy47. Political development is not so relevant in this instance as Pizza Hut has an existing established branch which is not affected by this external factor, the political issues are not so important because they do have the outlet in India and Baroda. For opening the new outlet government factors are not important as it already has opened one outlet48. Economic: this might include the analysis of a variety of economic factors and their effect on business they include: consumer activity, economic variable, government policy, the effect of change in product and labor markets49. Pizza Hut’s outlet which is Baroda, Gujarat – has competitors in Baroda, Gujarat50 however, these are not Pizza Hut branches – they are other competitors such as Dominos and Pizza Inn. These have an economic external influence as it affects the consumer activity as customers may prefer to go to Dominos if there is better service, quality and price offered. The new place suggested trough market research, there mainly the people with their families and above 30 will visit. It is not that the youth’s wont visit but there are less youth’s in that area compare to the area where the current Pizza Hut is located. Social: how is Pizza Hut affected socially? It is not likely that Pizza Hut will be affected socially as each age group visit’s Pizza Hut51. Due to the location of the old Pizza Hut site (located near commercial places) it attracts a lot variety of consumers. The new site will be located in a suburb where there are families therefore the market will be families. When a whole family eats a meal at Pizza Hut, they tend to splurge on extras such as drinks and sides. This is positive for the organization in terms of profit. However, in Karelibaug, families won’t come daily or once a week to have pizza’s so it can be affected socially. Generally in the new outlet older segment people will visite. Technological: Businesses operate in a world of rapid technological change. The organization needs to regularly review the impact of new technologies upon their activities. The product can become old-fashioned quickly. The production method can become out of date52. Pizza Hut looks that how they are different from other firms such as Pizza Inn, Domino’s pizza, us pizza and many other domestic outlets for pizza’s. Even Mac Donald’s is a competitor. One technological factor which could effect the environment is how Pizza Hut creates its products such as the production line in which a pizza is made. 47. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 48. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 49. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 50. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 51. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 52. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview. 53. business studies book by Dave hall pg 38 COST ANALYSIS Cost analysis is currently a some what controversial set of methods in program of evaluation one reason for the controversy is that these terms cover a wide range of method, but are often used interchangeably. There are two types of cost associated with hiring new place. They are fixed cost and variable cost. Both these cot will be identified to check the financial growth of the undergoing new outlet. Both are classified as below: Fixed cost Hiring charges foe the new place Salary of the staff Minimum hiring charges of telephone. Variable cost Production cost Office usage Approximately amount of profit for the new outlet May by through which you will be able to fine out pbit (profit before interest and tax), pbt (profit before tax), pat (profit after tax). | | |Per month |Per annum | |Sales | |1350 |16200 | |- variable | |60 |720 | | |contribution |1290 |15480 | |- fixed cost | |45 |540 | | |PBIT |1245 |14940 | |- interest | |78 |940 | | |PBT |1167 |14000 | |- tax | |350 |4200 | | |PAT |817 |9800 | 55 From the above assumption we can conclude that profit on pbit is approximately equals to 65. 60% |1260 |720 | |100 |? | |= 57. 14 | This is the variable cost |1260 |540 | |100 |? | |= 42. 58 | And this is the fixed cost. Variable cost of new outlet is higher than its fixed cost about 14. 12. Contribution of new outlet is about 96% which can be calculated by following formula: |Sales |contribution | |16200 |15480 | |100 |? | |= 96 | 56 Variable cost depends upon number of units of new outlet but the fixed cost is fixed. Cost may also be defined in different class For example: production cost office cost selling and distribution cost We can include raw material cost for the pizza’s and service cost for the pizzas. In production cost all the administration expense and legal and professional charges in office expense. We can bifurcate the transportation of the delivery man and advertisement expenses as selling and distribution charges. Selling and distribution charges can depend on number of unit sold and cost up till cost of goods sold always depends on goods sold57. 55. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 56. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview 57. (Manager of Pizza Hut). Personal interview INVESTMENT APPRAISAL Investment appraisal is the evaluation of an investment project to determine whether or not it is likely to be worthwhile. It is essential to appraise the investment Pizza Hut will undertake and to establish weather it is going to be beneficial. Below are the techniques, which will assist appraising the investment: †¢ Pay back period and †¢ Net present value Pay back period This technique assesses the number of years it will take foe the Pizza Hut to recover all their initial costs. This is a very simple tool as it ignores most of the costs the firm would incur due to opening a new outlet. The cash flow is also an approximate estimate when there are too many variable then Pizza Hut cannot control. They assume that they have more customers and 10% more profit throughout the year than what they had the previous year. There were a few assumptions made for the cash flow. These were that the machine they used to make pizza’s worked at 100% capacity and all products were sold. |Pay back period for the new outlet | |Year |Net cash flow | |0 |-10,00,000 | |1 |2,00,000 | |2 |6,00,000 | |3 |3,00,000 | |3,00,000 |12 months | |2,00,000 |? | |= 8 months | You can get 2,00,000 in 8 months so our net pay back period for investing RS 10,00,000 in new outlet is 2 years and 8 months. Analysis of pay back period. The pay back technique has shown us that it takes 2 years and 8 months to pay back for the new outlet. However, we learn form the market research and swot analysis that there are mainly people above 35 hence it would be smarter from them to do some thing which might attract the youth from other areas and influence them to visit that outlet too. Net present value Net present value incorporates the principle of time value of money by converting payments at different times to the equivalent values at the common reference time. The discount factor used is 4% as the interest they could have got from the bank currently is 4%. I then did NVP. |Year |Net cash flow |Discount factor 4$ |Present value | |0 |-10,00,000 |1 |10,00,000 | |1 |2,00,000 |0. 9615 |1,92,300 | |2 |6,00,000 |0. 9246 |5,54,760 | |3 |3,00,000 |0. 8890 |2,66,700 | Analysis of net present value The new outlet will generate ____ amount after 5 years. ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES To effectively deal with the increase in the growth by expansion, it is necessary for there to be some internal changes. It is very necessary that the staff’s grooming should be done properly, so that they can serve the customers in a professional manner. When they open their second outlet from a single, Pizza Hut will have to keep some one on whom they can trust and can rely on and they have to shift a few staff from the present one to the opening one. As they opening a new outlet, they are turning from one into two outlets. Due to this the position of many of the staff’s have been will be changed. This change does not affect their work, they have an effective communication channels among the employees. This could be in the form of giving the staff a proper atmosphere in which they can settle easily, the changes in the outlet and the goals that the Pizza Hut wants to attain. RECOMMENDATION Starting up the new outlet, initially it will not give them that much profit but it will definitely give some. For this: 1. Pizza Hut should shift few of their staff and of course one of the leader to supervise from the existing outlet to the one which will open in the near future. 2. They should appoint few new staff for the existing outlet and also foe the future’s outlet so that the one who are new in the new outlet can get t know more from their seniors who are shifted from the existing business. 3. For marketing about their new outlet they should restructure they method in which the do the marketing. 4. The market research was done on few people in Baroda, Gujarat, and not in the whole of Baroda. So the extensive market research needs to be conducted across the whole Baroda, Gujarat to get the proper kind of information about the location. CONCULSION The report shows that Pizza Hut should pen the new outlet in Baroda, Gujarat, India. If Pizza Hut increases their staff, then it would be in a better position to serve the customers and if they shift few of their trained staff and give training to the new staff to whom they are going to appoint then they would also be in the better position. They should also shift one of the managers to the new outlet so that in case if any problem occurs then they will be able to handle it. The financial aspects of the undertaking are not the problem for the Pizza Hut as it is in a strong financial stage. But the recruitment of the new staff cold affects the staffs. The environment and the working portfolio of the staffs will be changed as Pizza Hut will reconstruct the marketing set-up. So before employing the new staff Pizza Hut should let the old staff settle into their working environment. As previously said, the personal interview were only conducted in Gujarat, and the result of this only represented he view of customers from Gujarat. Hence, the further market research needs to be done to get a broader perspective on this study. The indirect costs associated with the undertaking the project will have to ascertain. As previously mentioned, one indirect cost is that a large recruitment could lead to a decrease in the motivation of the existing staffs. Other indirect cost could be in the form of the training program for the new recruits to a specialist company, so that it is done efficiently. If the new recruits do their job well, serve the customers in the proper way, follow the training properly, are groomed very well and give the best service then this would motivate the customers to visit them again. `Graph showing the frequency of visits to Pizza Hut by college students and teenagers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 More than once a week Once a week Fortnight Monthly or less time period College students Teenagers graph showing the frequency of visit to Pizza Hut by families and people above 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 More than once a week Once a week Fortnight Monthly or less time period Family Above 50.

Recognizing Organizational Culture in Managing Change Essay

In order to ask lots of questions about the influence of the social system, that is to say, the surrounding conditions of the organization on its ability to soak up like a towel and gain invention of new things, a having to do with figuring out. The quality of things without measuring them with numbers research was carried out to define the measuring tool for the most important things of this particular of surrounding conditions for the recognition and acceptance of e-learning in teachers or professors(Buć & Divjak, 2016). In the development of devices that make music, the examples of the development of devices that make music were used that are designed only for research in information sciences, such as for example, the development of a measuring instrument for evaluating the performance of e-Portfolio. It is generally admitted to that educational change benefits from a supportive surrounding condition. Cultural influences are a key issue when thinking about the invention of new things and change processes. Organizational culture is a key factor that influences instructional inventions of new things that the success of any something big and important that changes people’s thinking or lives effort may well depend on the extent to which organizational culture issues can be talked to(Zhu & Engels, 2014). Previous research has examined the influence of organizational culture on organizational inventions of new things. Studies point to new things is most likely to happen in organizations that have integrative structures draw attention to many different kinds of people or things, and team effort and teamwork. Yet the findings of the previous research are mixed with little believable information that proves something related to the role of specific organizational culture features in adopting instructional invention of new things in college. Students who come to a related to school and learning library meet with a variety of spaces that influence their learning and behavior. The library has two types of spaces which are shared and social. Shared spaces are places where students are involved in single, hardworking with schoolwork, and thoughtful study surrounded by other students. Students work at group and noisy work with other students in social spaces. The idea of library spaces for different types for different student needs and supports the idea which is that students need separate spaces for the types of learning and behavior connected with the ability to create interesting new things and invention of new things (Bieraugel & Neill, 2017). Ideas of library space when designing learning spaces in a library is extremely important to think about what types of behavior the design will bring out. Library design, as seen through the lens of the science of nerves and the brain, is interesting and suggests/says that library space is just like productive research surrounding conditions in helping the ability to create interesting new things and invention of new things. Bennett notes that Google, Twitter, Facebook, and other companies also aim to create productive research surrounding conditions within settings to help grow invention of new things and critical thinking be it in the lobby or a quiet corner. Environmental education can help increase problem-solving skills, very important thinking and action-oriented in relation to central and practical problems that are combined in nature(Fauville, Lantz-Andersson, & Sà ¤ljà ¶, 2014). Co-operative processes of question or investigation into an action on real related to surrounding conditions or the health of the Earth issues where students should be put in the position of active thinkers prepared to act in response to issues in partnership with fellow students. Such learning also involves understanding how to approach, plan and analyze complex issues and where to turn for clearly connected or related knowledge, and not only the reproduction of what is already known although in different difference fields of study. In such settings, student-active and problem-based instructional approaches have been argued as providing a good big picture in which to develop knowledge. So, the science of teaching and way of thinking behind environmental education can be thought of as challenging traditional approaches to schooling, which focus on learning of true knowledge presented in the classroom by the teacher in order to solve problems with an already existing, single and correct solution. Traditional education is also highly broken-up in terms of fields of study and is based on abstract problems, with students put in the rather allowing something to happen without reacting or trying to stop it a position of simply reproducing information and standard procedures.

Essay on Boyhood by J.M. Coetzee †Literature Essay

Essay on Boyhood by J.M. Coetzee – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Essay on ‘Boyhood’ by J.M. Coetzee Literature Essay Title: After studying Boyhood by J.M. Coetzee, would you say that childhood, and especially the end of childhood and the beginning of teenage, is always a happy moment in one’s life ? Every one has to pass this proof in his/her life and it’s a special moment because you ask yourself on things you had never thought before. Your body and your mind are also changing. We can ask ourselves if the end of the childhood is really a happy moment in one’s life and, if it isn’t right, what are the reasons of that ? We’ll use the book ‘Boyhood’ from J.M. COETZEE to analyze and understand that part of life as well as possible. That periode can be difficult because you don’t know where you are going to. You know that you anyway have to live that part of your life but you don’t know how it’ll happen. You also feel different from other people because you start taking care of your appearance and of what the others are thinking of you, your manners, your look, persuaded that everyone is watching and will judge you on the first thing wrong you’ll do. For example, in the beginning of Boyhood p.7, John would like to be beaten only once to become a normal child. He isn’t thankful to his mother for not to give him a ‘normal education’. He feels different from other boys and would just like to look like them. Or p.9 as he doesn’t want to wear shoes to be like the others. Then his feets hurt and he’s expecting some support from his classmates, but he only gets mockeries. So it’s his mother’s mistake, to send him to school with shoes. You also ask questions you never asked before, with answers you often aren’t satisfied, as John asks his mother p.13 about who she does love the most, him or his brother. What she answers:’ I love you both the same.’. That doesn’t make her son happy because he was expecting a precise answer. John himself doesn’t think that childhood is a moment of joy in one’s life. On p. 14 it’s written:’Nothing John experiences leads him to think that childohhd is a time of innocent joy but a time of difficult examinations.’ It also can be a stressful moment as you’re thinking of existantial questions, like: how and where would I be if my parents didn’t get married together but with another person? You realise that people aren’t anymore as nice as before. The examples p. 15 and 19 prove it: john thinks he’ll be given a second opportunity to light a fire and to choose an other religion just to try to be like the others but he isn’t. Nevertheless you can also have fun as John enjoys more and more playing cricket but he feels alone like p.28:’ a spider in a hole, shutting out the world, hiding.’ At the age of john, you start knowing what is realistic in true life and what isn’t, like p. 33 (bottom) as John wants to ‘put aside the fantasy and do realistic things’ like growns-up do. During that periode you are also thinking of the importance of what you’re saying and doing and its consequences, what can make you sad. John is precisely in this situation p. 29 35 and 151 as he learns to be more prudent on what he’s saying not for the others to laugh at you and behave as normal (= like the others do) as possible. Your look becomes important for you (p.44) and you don’t want to keep the same habits that could remain your childhood (p.49: John doesn’t want to call his mother in public as he does at home because to him it isn’t a normal thing and he wants to be normal). Later you think ask yourself what is desire used for. So does John p.56 because he thinks he starts feeling it. You can be easily influenced, what can be dange rous because you’re ready to believe nearly everything what one tells you, like John p.69 when he’s afraid of african boys because of rumours he had been told. You don’t like the same things as if you were a child because your mind is changing. What you liked as you were small seeme you ridiculous now (p.70: John doesn’t like anymore the comics he thinks are for babies, now that he’s becoming a grown-up). Or p.144 as he thinks he has wasted his time riding bicycle and playing with his mecano because they aren’t interessant. It isn’t his activities that have changed but his mind. Now he prefers to spend hours in the bathroom, examining himself in the mirror, not liking what he sees (p.144) or play cricket. During that periode, you may be more easily irritable and think that your parents are old enough to do things they ask you to, and consequently refuses to obey. For example the habits of other people can disguss you, for example as John hates his father’s personal habits (p.43). That can make your parents angry and your relationship with them can become worse during that periode of your life. At the end of this passage of your life, your feelings for the people of the other sex starts growing and you think of the meaning of love. For John, that starts p.95 with his cousin Agnes. Later, p.121, he thinks of the word ‘love’ and its meaning. Because he only knows this feeling by the television and not really, he finds it disgusting. He also hates to be kissed by girls and doesn’t know what to do with his mother’s feelings to him (love, p.122) and thinks his parents don’t have love stories since he was born. And during the pause, they John and his friends are always speaking about sex, and John brings a book about sex to school. Children are often afraid because becoming a grown-up means that your mother won’t protect you anymore and you’ll stay alone against every problem that can occur in one’s life. As a conclusion, we can say that the end of childhood isn’t a part of pleasure and joy in one’s life, principally because too much new things come to you at the same time and you aren’t mature enough to face it. You pass through different states of mind that can make you loose some friends because you don’t know how to react to all of these new things, what to think about this new feeling that is calling ‘love’ and you may often panic, what can make you sad like John. Research Papers on Essay on ‘Boyhood’ by J.M. 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